CAR T-cell Therapy for Multiple Myeloma at Sheba Medical Center

Multiple myeloma, a cancer originating in plasma cells, is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of certain immune system cells. While its exact cause remains unclear, risk factors include age, with most cases diagnosed in those over 65, and sex as men are more susceptible. A family history of multiple myeloma or related conditions can also increase risk, as can a precursor condition called monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). MGUS involves the presence of abnormal plasma cells and M proteins in the blood, but often does not cause symptoms. As multiple myeloma advances, symptoms such as bone pain, fatigue, kidney problems and a weakened immune system may manifest. Additionally, complications like bone damage, kidney dysfunction and anemia can arise, necessitating prompt diagnosis and intervention. Understanding the development, risk factors, symptoms and complications of multiple myeloma is vital for prompt identification and effective treatment, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

CAR T-cell therapy, or chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, is an innovative and groundbreaking approach to cancer treatment. This cutting-edge therapy involves a multi-step process that begins with the collection of the patient’s own T-cells, a type of immune cell, which are then meticulously engineered in a laboratory. These specially modified T-cells are transformed into cancer killers capable of recognizing and targeting cancer cells with precision.

Once these genetically modified CAR T-cells are ready, they are reintroduced into the patient’s bloodstream through a single infusion. Remarkably, this single infusion is often sufficient because the CAR T-cells continue to multiply and persist in the body, tirelessly seeking out and attacking the cancerous cells.
Traditionally, CAR-T therapy was primarily utilized for treating lymphoma and acute lymphocytic leukemia. However, it is now being offered to multiple myeloma patients. Researchers at Sheba, led by the globally renowned Prof. Arnon Nagler, have invested substantial effort into engineering CAR T-cells specifically tailored to target myeloma cells.

CAR T-cell therapy capitalizes on the multiple myeloma patient’s own immune system to combat this challenging malignancy. The key to its success lies in the precise genetic modification of T-cells, a vital component of the immune system, to target multiple myeloma.

Researchers have meticulously engineered these T-cells to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) on their surface, which is specifically designed to target the B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA). BCMA is a protein that is abundantly present on the surface of multiple myeloma cells, making it an ideal target.

Once these modified CAR T-cells are reintroduced into the patient’s bloodstream they become vigilant “cancer killers.” Not only do they recognize myeloma cells by their distinctive BCMA markers, but they also engage with them, initiating a powerful immune response that leads to the destruction of the malignant cells.

What makes CAR T-cell therapy particularly promising for multiple myeloma treatment is its potential effectiveness in patients who have exhausted other treatment options. Even those who have undergone several rounds of conventional therapies without lasting success can find renewed hope in CAR T-cell therapy.

Before administering CAR T-cell therapy, a thorough evaluation is conducted to identify suitable candidates. Typically, individuals who have completed conventional treatments but continue to experience disease progression are considered prime candidates.

It’s worth noting that CAR T-cell therapy for multiple myeloma is a highly specialized and personalized treatment, available at select medical centers around the world, including Sheba Medical Center. The tailored and holistic approach taken by experts at Sheba ensures that patients receive comprehensive care, addressing both their unique medical needs and overall wellbeing throughout the treatment process.

Choosing Sheba for CAR T-cell therapy for multiple myeloma not only ensures access to advanced treatment, but also guarantees comprehensive and patient-centered care from a team of experts dedicated to improving outcomes and enhancing the overall wellbeing of individuals facing multiple myeloma.