Aplastic Anemia Treatment in Israel

Blood tests are the initial step in diagnosing aplastic anemia. A complete blood count (CBC) is fundamental, as it measures the levels of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. In aplastic anemia, the CBC typically shows lower-than-normal counts of all three types of cells, a condition known as pancytopenia. Additionally, a reticulocyte count, which measures young red blood cells, is also conducted. Low levels of reticulocytes indicate that the bone marrow isn’t producing enough new blood cells.

Further blood tests may include checks for vitamin deficiencies, liver function tests, and tests for viral infections, as these conditions can sometimes mimic or contribute to the symptoms of aplastic anemia.

If blood tests suggest aplastic anemia, a bone marrow biopsy is usually the next step. This procedure involves taking a small sample of bone marrow, typically from the hip bone, for examination under a microscope. In aplastic anemia, the bone marrow sample will show a lower than normal amount of blood-producing cells. This is a key diagnostic feature differentiating aplastic anemia from other blood disorders, where the bone marrow might be overactive or infiltrated by abnormal cells.

The biopsy also helps determine the severity of the condition, which is crucial for planning appropriate treatment. In some cases, additional tests might be done on the bone marrow sample to look for genetic or chromosomal abnormalities, which can provide further insight into the cause of the anemia and guide treatment decisions.

Blood transfusions are a common and immediate treatment to relieve symptoms of aplastic anemia. Red blood cell transfusions help in alleviating fatigue and shortness of breath caused by anemia, while platelet transfusions reduce the risk of bleeding due to thrombocytopenia. However, transfusions are not a cure; they provide temporary relief and must be repeated as the effects wear off.

A bone marrow transplantation is often considered the most effective treatment for aplastic anemia, especially in younger patients or those with a matched donor. It involves replacing the damaged bone marrow with healthy cells from a donor, which then develop into new, healthy blood cells. The success of this treatment depends on several factors, including the patient’s overall health and the compatibility of the donor.

Immunosuppressants are used when a bone marrow transplant isn’t an option or as a part of the treatment plan before the transplant. These drugs suppress the immune system, which is believed to play a role in the development of aplastic anemia by attacking the bone marrow. They help reduce this immune response, allowing the bone marrow to recover and produce blood cells.

Bone marrow stimulants, such as growth factors, are medications that encourage the bone marrow to produce more blood cells. These can be effective in mild cases of aplastic anemia or in conjunction with other treatments.

Due to the increased risk of infections from neutropenia, antibiotics and antiviral drugs are often prescribed to prevent or treat infections. These medications are crucial in managing aplastic anemia, as infections can be particularly severe among patients with this condition.

Each treatment has its considerations and potential side effects, which is why individualized treatment plans are essential. At Sheba, your medical team will assess your unique condition and create a personalized treatment plan, focusing on the most effective and suitable options for your specific needs.