Aplastic Anemia Treatment in Israel
Aplastic Anemia Treatment in Israel
Aplastic anemia is a bone marrow failure disease. It is a rare and serious condition that happens when the bone marrow doesn’t produce enough red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets. As a result, the body cannot supply itself with enough blood to stay healthy. Aplastic anemia can develop at any age, either appearing suddenly or worsening gradually over time. At Sheba Medical Center in Israel, specialists at our Hematology Division and Bone Marrow Transplantation Department diagnose and customize treatments for mild to severe aplastic anemia.

Types of Aplastic Anemia
Aplastic anemia can be a temporary disease, or it can become chronic. It can also range from mild to life-threatening. There are three types of the condition:
Moderate Aplastic Anemia (MAA)
This type of the disease presents with low blood cell counts, but not as low as with severe cases. Few or no symptoms may occur, and moderate aplastic anemia does not always require treatment other than regular follow-up blood testing.
Severe Aplastic Anemia (SAA)
With severe aplastic anemia, the neutrophil count is less than 500 cells per microliter, the reticulocyte count is less than 20,000 per microliter, and the platelet count is less than 20,000 per microliter.
Very Severe Aplastic Anemia (VSAA)
In cases of very severe aplastic anemia, the neutrophil count is less than 200 per microliter, and all other blood counts are similar to those of severe aplastic anemia. This type of the condition can be life-threatening.
Treatments for Aplastic Anemia
Treatments include:
Blood transfusions
Blood transfusions of red blood cells or platelets can control bleeding and alleviate symptoms by infusing blood cells that the bone marrow isn’t producing on its own. Usually, there’s no limit to the amount of blood transfusions a person can receive. However, multiple transfusions sometimes lead to serious complications.
Bone marrow transplant (stem cell transplant)
A bone marrow transplant is often the only successful treatment for people with severe aplastic anemia. Done while the patient is hospitalized, this treatment serves to rebuild the bone marrow. It is typically the preferred treatment for younger patients who have a matching donor (often a sibling).
Bone marrow transplants involve depleting the diseased bone marrow with radiation or chemotherapy and then injecting healthy donor stem cells intravenously into the patient. The new stem cells migrate to the bone marrow, where they produce new blood cells. At Sheba, we have a highly advanced and comprehensive Bone Marrow Transplantation Department.
Immunosuppressants
When patients are not candidates for a bone marrow transplant, immunosuppressant drugs may be administered. These medications suppress the activity of immune cells that are causing damage to the bone marrow. This allows the bone marrow to recover and begin producing blood cells once again.
Bone marrow stimulants
Medications that help to jumpstart the bone marrow’s production of new blood cells may be given. Often, growth factors and immune-suppressing drugs are used in conjunction with bone marrow stimulants.
Antibiotics and antiviral drugs
Aplastic anemia weakens the body’s immune system, making the patient more susceptible to infections. Sometimes, antibiotics and antiviral medications are given to prevent infections in people with severe aplastic anemia.

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