Treatments for Myelodysplastic Syndromes

At Sheba Medical Center, our expert oncologists and hematologists take a very sensitive and comprehensive approach to myelodysplastic syndrome, and work together to make sure patients receive the most effective and personalized treatment plan. Treatment options will be determined based on the type of MDS a patient has, their general health, age, and numerous other variables. 

With a commitment to the highest standard of healthcare, our specialists will garner a thorough understanding of a patient’s unique condition and provide them with a treatment plan that will ensure an optimal outcome. 

Supportive Therapy

While doctors across the globe are still researching more efficient ways to cure MDS, the treatment of this condition is manageable and varies from case to case. There are a wide variety of MDS types, and an accurate diagnosis is essential in getting the patient the help they need. 

An individual diagnosed with low-risk MDS may not require any immediate treatment. However,  they will still need to be closely monitored by a doctor and make some lifestyle changes. In cases where treatment is required, Sheba offers a wide variety of integrative therapies and regimens.

Blood Transfusion

With MDS, the main goal of treatment is often to prevent problems and complications caused by low blood cell counts. For example, you may require blood transfusions to combat anemia, as it promptly provides a substantial increase in red blood cells. 

When undergoing a blood transfusion, a doctor will suspend a bag containing a blood donation unit from a pole, and insert a narrow tube into the blood vessel in your arm. The donor’s blood will then flow through the tube and into your vein. Usually, the procedure typically lasts about two hours. Side effects of a blood transfusion may include fever, infection or an allergic reaction, however most patients do not experience any side effects. 

Iron Chelation

Receiving blood transfusions over a period of years can lead to a buildup of excess iron in the body, which can have a major effect on how different organs function. This is where iron chelation is required. In order to treat this iron overload, drugs called chelating agents may be administered to the patient in need. These drugs, such as deferoxamine and deferasirox, bind with the iron so the body can expel it.

The way a patient may respond to certain chelating agents may vary. In response to this, healthcare professionals may tailor the treatment based on their tolerance or as needed for their welfare. Following iron chelation, a patient can expect to undergo multiple check-ups and blood tests, which will assist our healthcare specialist in assessing the effectiveness of the treatment. The common side effects associated with chelating agents may include impaired or blurred vision, rashes, itching, stomach or leg cramps, rapid heartbeat and hypotension.

Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents (ESA)

One of the most common complications of myelodysplastic syndrome is anemia, which is caused when an individual has a very low count of red blood cells. Anemia can cause patients to feel a range of symptoms that can wreak havoc on the quality of their lives. These symptoms include fatigue, dizziness, weakness, shortness of breath, and headaches. 

ESAs work by mimicking the function of erythropoietin, a natural hormone produced by the kidneys that encourages the production of red blood cells. This action effectively combats anemia in MDS patients, alleviating symptoms and enhancing their energy levels and overall well-being. The use of ESAs is carefully monitored to maintain optimal red blood cell counts and to avoid potential side effects such as increased risk of blood clots or hypertension. 

This targeted approach helps to improve the quality of life for patients, allowing them to engage more fully in daily activities.

Antibiotics

Myelodysplastic syndrome often results in a significant decrease in white blood cells, making individuals more susceptible to infections. When this happens, patients are often prescribed antibiotics. 

In order for antibiotics to have the desired effects, a patient should take several measures, which include taking the medication as instructed by their healthcare provider, get adequate sleep, practice good hygiene, stay hydrated and avoid consuming certain foods. 

Growth Factors

The majority of MDS symptoms result from having too few blood cells. Growth factors can be given (usually as injections) to speed up the body’s process of producing more blood cells in the bone marrow. This method enables medical specialists to ensure the precise release of growth factors, which can promote optimal absorption.

Amongst the many advanced treatment options for MDS, growth factors are seen as one of the most promising avenues for patients to pursue. It offers a great deal of relief for patients and can enhance their overall quality of life when facing a MDS diagnosis. In some cases, a growth factor can help patients avoid any red blood cell transfusions.